老年人与青年人皮肤血流量比较研究

目的 判定增龄对皮肤血流量的影响。方法 用PIM2-LDPI检测皮肤血流量。结果 老年组前额、左手指背、命门穴部位皮肤血流量分别为:(1.94±0.86)V,(1.92±0.52)V和(0.71±0.19)V,与青年组比较差异无显著性。但是,老年男性在命门穴的皮肤血流量明显高于青年男性(P<0.05),老年女性前额的皮肤血流量明显降低(P<0.01)。男性比女性的皮肤血流量高。结论 皮肤血流量的差异无年龄相关性,男性组的皮肤血流量比女性组高。     

高果糖诱导IR大鼠模型血清脂质代谢的改变及意义

目的: 评估高果糖膳食对机体胰岛素敏感性及血清脂质代谢的影响及意义.方法:以高果糖膳食(果糖占总热量34.5%)诱导并经钳夹技术证实建立胰岛素抵抗(IR)大鼠模型,生化比色法测定血清游离脂肪酸(FFA),生化酶法测定血清甘油三酯(TG)及总胆固醇(TC).结果:高果糖膳食喂养4周后,实验组大鼠葡萄糖输注率由(11.5±0.6)mg/kg·min-1下降至(6.6±0.4)mg/kg·min-1(P<0.01);血清FFA由(0.45±0.09)mmol/L增至(0.78±0.19)mmol/L(P<0.01);TG由(0.54±0.10)mmol/L增至(0.96±0.22)mmol/L(P<0.01);TC由(1.96±0.32)mmol/L增至(2.42±0.21)mmol/L(P<0.01).结论:高果糖膳食可导致机体严重IR,是建立IR大鼠模型的有效手段;该模型同时伴有血清脂代谢各相关指标的明显异常,血脂的变化既是IR的结果,也是IR向纵深发展的原因和必要条件.     

Nasopharyngeal and nasal malignant lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of 54 cases

Forty-one cases of nasopharyngeal and 13 cases of nasal malignant lymphoma have been examined histologically and immunohistochemically. All of the cases were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; one case was of follicular type and the remaining 53 were of diffuse type. Large cell lymphoma comprised 48% of cases and most of the immunoblastic lymphomas showing pleomorphism occurred in the nose. Twenty-seven cases were of T-cell and 21 of B-cell phenotype. The predominance of T-cell lymphoma was due to an increased incidence of these in the nose, the T:B ratio of 3.33:1 contrasting with a 1:1.05 ratio in the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal lymphomas seem to show an intermediate incidence between the T-cell predominance in the nose and a B-cell predominance in the oropharynx. Since the large cell type of lymphoma was predominant, the differential diagnosis from undifferentiated carcinoma is important and is facilitated by the use of immunostaining methods.     

应用激光显微分离技术在骨肉瘤组织原位筛选噬菌体肽库

目的将激光显微分离(laser capture microdissection, LCM) 技术应用于噬菌体表面呈现肽库的筛选过程,建立一种可以直接在天然组织中筛选肽库的方法。方法将新鲜人骨肉瘤组织块在噬菌体肽库溶液振荡孵育后制成组织冰冻切片,免疫组化染色检测噬菌体在组织中的浸润扩散。改进常规LCM切片处理方法,以冻干法替代酒精/二甲苯法脱水,以期在LCM操作过程中提高切片上噬菌体的存活率。LCM法分离摄取骨肉瘤切片上的肿瘤靶细胞,转染回收这些细胞上特异结合的噬菌体。滴定法检测所筛选的噬菌体对特异性细胞的亲和力。结果利用LCM技术,可以由肿瘤冰冻切片上收集到足够的与特异性噬菌体短肽,应用于噬菌体表面呈现肽库筛选。经过3轮筛选后所获得的噬菌体与人骨肉瘤组织的特异性亲和力提高16倍。结论本研究首次将LCM技术应用于噬菌体表面呈现肽库的筛选,可以使我们直接在新鲜人肿瘤组织中筛选与特定细胞群甚至单个细胞亲合的短肽;同时又避免了天然组织中其他杂质细胞的污染,为研制细胞特异性导向载体提供了一个新的途径。     

腹腔注射高渗盐水对下丘脑室旁核加压素能神经元的兴奋作用

目的探讨外周高渗刺激激活下丘脑室旁核(PVN)神经元的细胞类别。方法以腹腔注射高渗盐水作为外周高渗刺激。细胞外记录PVN神经元单位放电的变化，并用免疫细胞化学方法观察PVN中los的表达及los表达阳性神经元的性质。结果腹腔注射高渗盐水使PVN的位相型放电神经元兴奋，PVN内los表达明显增加，特别是PVN大细胞中大量的los阳性神经元同时表达精氨酸加压索(AVP)。结论外周高渗刺激能够激活PVN内的加压索(VP)能神经元。     

异丙酚无痛人工流产时静脉注射缩宫素可致血液循环严重波动

目的　观察异丙酚无痛人工流产时静脉注射缩宫素对血压和心率的影响。　方法　将 90例Ⅰ级 (美国麻醉协会麻醉术前分级 )早期宫内妊娠的患者随机分为 3组 :A组 30例 ,应用 2～ 3mg/kg异丙酚和 1μg/kg枸橼酸芬太尼进行无痛人工流产术 ,手术后期注射缩宫素 1ml,于注射后的 3min内观察收缩压、舒张压和心率变化 ;B组 30例 ,用相同麻醉方法进行无痛人工流产 ,术中不用缩宫素 ,观察指标与方法同于A组 ;C组 30例 ,不用任何麻醉药物进行人工流产 ,在与A组相同的时间注射缩宫素 ,观察指标与方法同于A组。　结果　A组在注射缩宫素后 0 5min ,血压显著下降 ,心率显著增加 ,注射后 2 .5min时 ,血压和心率基本恢复到注射前水平。B组和C组无明显血压下降。　结论　异丙酚无痛人工流产时注射常规剂量缩宫素后可致血液循环短暂严重波动 ,应引起临床妇产科医师高度重视 ,特别是对心功能储备较差的患者更应关注。     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶在前列腺增生组织中表达的研究

目的：探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)与前列腺增生(BPH)病理生理变化的关系。方法:用免疫组化法检测10例正常和30例有膀胱出口梗阻的BPH患者膀胱和前列腺组织中iNOS的表达。结果：BPH组前列腺组织中iNOS呈阳性染色，主要分布于前列腺的上皮细胞及上皮下组织中，间质平滑肌组织中均为阴性；对照组的膀胱壁、膀胱颈部和前列腺组织中均无iNOS阳性染色。结论：iNOS仅在BPH患者前列腺组织中有特异性表达，提示它参与了前列腺增生的病理生理过程。     

The application of vitrification in human blastocyst cryopreservation: Analysis of clinical outcome of 117 cycles

Objective: To summarize the clinical outcomes of 117 human vitrified blastocyst transfer cycles and to determine the impact factors.Methods: In IVF-ET cycles, supernumerary embryos were cultured to 5-Day(D5) or 6-Day(D6), blastocysts of various stages were cryopreserved by vitrification using cryoloops. Survival rate and clinical pregnancy rate were observed.Results: A total of 312 blastocysts were thawed in 117 frozen embryo transfer cycles, the survival rate was 90.7% (283/312) after thawing. After the transfer of 230 blastocysts in 115 cycles, 69.6% (80/115) of the women got clinically pregnant, and 17.5% (14/80) of them suffered from miscarriage, 39 healthy babies were born in 28 deliveries, and the other 38 pregnancies are ongoing. The implantation rate was 47.4% (109/230). In 107 transfer cycles with 2 hatched blastocysts transferred in each cycle, 72.9% (78/107) got clinically pregnant, while in 8 cycles with 1 or no hatched blastocysts in the two transferred blastocysts, the clinical pregnancy rate is 25%(2/8). The clinical pregnancy rates were not statistically different between natural (77.4%, 24/31) or artificial endometrium preparation (66.7%, 56/84) cycles. Conclusions: These findings suggest that blastocyst vitrification is effective in terms of implantation rate and pregnancy outcome. Transferring of two hatched blastocyst can achieve a higher pregnancy rate.     

准分子激光角膜切削术治疗近视的并发症

为分析准分子激光角膜切削术（ＰＲＫ）治疗近视的并发症，对１３９例（２５７眼）ＰＲＫ术后随访半年至一年。结果表明：术后一年，低中度和高度组各有１眼最佳矫正视力丢失二行，分别占２．５％和３．３％；低中度和高度组的角膜上皮下１级混浊分别为１０．８１％和１５．１６％，２级混浊分别为２．７３％和０％；激素性高眼压，在发生率最高的３个月时，可分别达２４．３７％和２５．３２％，但这种反应性的眼压升高只是暂时的，容易控制；过矫和散光增加的发生率均较低，主要与术者的经验有关。随着术者经验的提高、手术设计的完善及术后用药的研究，这些并发症会降到最低水平。ＰＲＫ是安全、有效的。     

裂解汽油在ZSM-5沸石上的芳构化

采用连续流动反应装置,考察了裂解汽油在HZSM-5与金属元素改性的HZSM-5上的芳构化反应,发现锌改性后提高了液体产物中芳烃的收率。为了克服裂解汽油中含硫含焦杂质的影响,提出了获取芳烃的有效工艺:蒸馏除焦-加氢预脱硫-氢气氛下芳构化反应-冷凝产物。用氨吸附的程序升温脱附法,将催化剂的酸性质与其催化芳构化作用进行关联,认为Zn改性后的HZSM-5催化剂具有较温和的酸中心,可能是其芳构化高活性与高选择性的原因。